Diabetes is a very serious and dangerous disease that requires continuous treatment. Along with the use of drug therapy, patients should lead a healthy lifestyle, give up addictions and exercise. It is equally important to know what can be eaten with diabetes and what products should be completely rejected.
In the event of a significant deterioration in well-being, malaise, constant and moreover unquenchable thirst, xerostomia, frequent urination, skin itching, especially in the area of the legs and groin, consult a specialist immediately. endocrinologist specialist and undergo an examination. These symptoms indicate the development of diabetes.
The disease is, of course, dangerous and serious, but it is not a sentence. Many people live with illness. In order to normalize well-being, maintain normal blood sugar levels and eliminate unpleasant symptoms, you need to follow a special diet and know what you can eat with diabetes.
The pathology can develop in both adults and children. Often the disease is diagnosed in pregnant women. With proper treatment and a healthy diet, the disease can be controlled.
IMPORTANT
What can you drink with diabetes
Most patients try to watch their diet. They do not eat fast food and try to make the food as healthy and balanced as possible. But not everyone keeps track of what drinks they drink. Diabetics cannot drink alcoholic beverages, store-bought fruit juices, strong tea, kvass, or sweet soda.
If you want to drink, prefer the following drinks:
- still mineral water or purified water;
- unsweetened fruit juices;
- gel;
- compotes;
- weak teas;
- green tea;
- herbal decoctions and infusions;
- freshly squeezed fruit juices (but only diluted);
- low-fat dairy products.
Doctors do not recommend patients to drink coffee. However, scientists have proven that coffee is rich in useful and necessary substances, including antioxidants that help prevent the development of tumors. They are rich in cereals and linoleic acid, which prevents the development of heart attacks, strokes and other pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, you can also drink coffee with diabetes, the main thing is that the coffee is natural and sugar-free.
Basic rules of healthy eating
Without exception, all diabetics should know what to eat when they have diabetes. Eating all the food one after the other is associated with a deterioration of the general well-being.
Every diet, including diabetes, has its own characteristics and rules.
The aim of diet therapy is to:
- limiting the consumption of carbohydrate products;
- reducing calorie intake;
- use of fortified foods;
- five to six meals a day;
- eating at the same time;
- enriching the diet with natural vitamins - vegetables and fruits (with the exception of sweet ones, especially persimmons and dates);
- eating small meals;
- exclusion of long intervals between meals;
- compiling a menu taking into account the GI of the products;
- minimizing salt intake;
- refusal to eat fatty, spicy, spicy, fried foods;
- refusal to use alcohol and sweet soda, as well as ready meals and fast food;
- replacing sugar with natural sweeteners: fructose, sorbitol, etc. ;
- using boiled, oven-baked and steamed foods.
A proper diet is the key to good health
Diabetes patients, regardless of the type of the disease, must follow a suitable and healthy diet:
- You should have a full breakfast to keep your insulin levels up.
- Every meal should start with a vegetable salad. This contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes and weight correction.
- The last meal should be taken no later than three hours before bedtime.
- The food you eat should be at a comfortable temperature. With diabetes, you can eat warm and moderately cold foods.
- Liquids can be drunk half an hour before meals or 30 minutes later. Do not drink water or juices during meals.
- It is important to stick to the routine. Eating five to six times a day helps prevent a sudden rise in blood sugar.
- The diet should be enriched with low-fat fish, low-fat dairy products, vegetables and fruits, and cereals.
- Diabetics should give up sugar and products containing it.
- The optimal daily calorie content is 2400 kcal.
- It is also important to monitor the chemical composition of food. The proportion of complex carbohydrates in the daily diet is 50%, proteins - 20%, fats - 30%.
- One and a half liters of purified or mineral decarbonated water should be consumed daily.
GI (glycemic index) - what is it?
Each product has its own GI. By the way, "bread unit" - XE. And if the nutritional value determines how much useful substances are converted into energy for the body, then the GI is an indicator of the digestibility of carbohydrate products. It indicates how quickly carbohydrate products are absorbed while raising blood sugar levels.
What can diabetics eat while following the diet and table number 9
Many patients who have heard the word "diet" consider it a sentence. They think that their diet is limited to a minimum. In fact, everything is far from it. food can be both therapeutic and delicious, you just need to know what diabetics can eat.
Eating the right foods helps control body weight and maintain normal insulin levels.
Patients can use the following products:
- From bread. It is preferable if it is black bread or products for diabetics. The daily norm is 300 g. The use of cereals, whole grains and "Borodino" bread is also allowed.
- Soups. It is desirable to cook the first dishes in vegetable broth.
- Lean meat (veal, beef, rabbit, chicken) and fish: perch, carp, cod. Any preparation method, only baking is excluded.
- Eggs and scrambled eggs. You can eat no more than one egg per day. Abuse of this product is fraught with an increase in cholesterol.
- Dairy products (low-fat milk, cottage cheese, kefir, colostrum, fermented baked milk, natural yogurts).
- Cheese (unsalted and low-fat).
- Berries and fruits: grapefruit, raspberry, apple, kiwi. Their consumption not only helps to increase sugar, but also helps to reduce harmful cholesterol levels.
- Vegetables: cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, greens.
- Honey (in limited quantities).
- Drinks: fruit juices, herbal preparations, mineral water.
All these products can also be consumed by diabetics. But the most important thing is to keep everything in moderation. The food should not be greasy. You can't drink alcohol either.
Approved products for people with insulin-dependent forms
The pathology of the first type, or insulin-dependent diabetes, is characterized by severe symptoms, an acute course, and is accompanied by an increased appetite. In addition to using insulin, it is important to know what diabetics can eat. A properly composed diet is the best way to maintain health and well-being.
The diet of diabetic patients with the first type of pathology is similar to the diet of patients with the second type. It is allowed to use: non-carbonated mineral water, seafood and low-fat fish, oatmeal and buckwheat, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, boiled eggs, diet meat.
IMPORTANT
Table No. 9 for pathology
Patients are most often prescribed to follow the diet table No. 9. The diet assumes six meals a day, excluding fats, fried foods, spicy, smoked meats, salty foods and sweets. The energy value of the daily diet must not exceed 2500 kcal. Diabetics can eat food cooked in any way except frying.
What not to do with diabetes: permitted and prohibited foods, sample menu
All people with serious diseases should know what not to do with diabetes. Abuse of harmful products is full of deterioration.
The products on the list must be thrown away:
- Sahara. It is recommended to replace it with sweeteners.
- Baking. This type of food is strongly contraindicated. In addition to being rich in sugar, they are also high in calories, which is not very good for blood sugar levels.
- Fatty meat and fish products.
- Smoked foods and preserves. These products have a high glycemic index.
- Animal fats, mayonnaise.
- A high-fat dairy product.
- Sesame and cereal-based products, as well as pasta.
- Vegetables. Diabetics cannot eat certain vegetables, but if this is not possible, their consumption should be limited as much as possible: potatoes, fried zucchini.
- Sweet fruits.
- Drinks: sweet soda, concentrated or store-bought juices, compotes, strong black tea.
- Snacks, seeds, chips.
- Sweetness. In the case of any type of diabetes, especially gestational diabetes, the use of ice cream, jam, and milk chocolate is prohibited.
- Alcoholic drinks.
Permitted and prohibited products:
Adequate nutrition, together with the introduction of insulin, is the key to good health. Adhering to the diet, as well as using medicines, the patient should be for the rest of his life. This is the only way to maintain normal blood sugar levels. What to eat and what not to eat with diabetes.
You are allowed to eat:
- purified water or mineral water;
- weak tea, coffee;
- mushrooms;
- green peas;
- radish;
- radish;
- turnip;
- green beans;
- greens;
- carrot;
- beetroot;
- eggplant;
- pepper;
- Cabbage;
- cucumber;
- tomato.
Authorized use:
- egg;
- berries;
- fruits;
- soups;
- croup;
- of bread;
- legumes (peas, beans, lentils);
- potato;
- Honey;
- low-fat cheeses;
- low-fat dairy products;
- low-fat boiled sausage;
- meat and fish products.
Do not eat:
- alcoholic drinks;
- solo;
- banana;
- Persimmon;
- dates;
- sweets (ice cream, jam, lollipops, cakes);
- Sahara;
- seeds;
- conserve;
- smoked and sausage products;
- fatty meat and fish products;
- fatty dairy products;
- animal fats.
How to replace harmful products
Patients are forbidden to eat high-calorie foods, as such products provoke the progression of the disease and worsen the effect of drugs.
Harmful products can be replaced with useful products with appropriate composition:
- White bread can be replaced with products made from rye flour.
- Sweets and desserts - berries and diabetic desserts.
- Animal fats are vegetable fats.
- Fatty meat products and cheeses - low-fat products, avocados.
- Cream is a low-fat dairy product.
- Ice cream - hard cheeses, seafood, legumes.
- Beer - dairy products, beef, eggs.
- Sweet soda - beets, carrots, legumes.
- Sausage is a dairy product.
Approximate weekly menu
You can create a menu for each day or immediately for the whole week, taking into account what can and can't be done with diabetes. Below is a sample menu for the week.
The first day.
- Breakfast: salad with cucumber and cabbage, oatmeal, weak tea.
- Snack: apple or kefir.
- Lunch: vegetable soup, zucchini casserole, compote.
- Snack: cottage cheese casserole.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge, boiled chicken fillet, fruit juice.
The second day.
- Breakfast: pumpkin porridge, jelly.
- Snack: biscuit cookie.
- Lunch: lean borscht, millet porridge with fried pollock fillet, green tea.
- Snack: milk.
- Dinner: pumpkin stew, kefir.
Third day.
- Breakfast: boiled egg, cheese sandwich, coffee.
- Snack: baked apple.
- Lunch: fish soup, buckwheat porridge, steamed chicken meatballs, tomato juice.
- Snack: orange.
- Dinner: rice pudding, boiled shrimp, fermented baked milk.
Fourth day.
- Breakfast: scrambled eggs, cheese sandwich, tea.
- Snack: salad with tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers.
- Lunch: cabbage soup, fried fish, compote.
- Snack: raspberry jelly.
- Dinner: boiled turkey, tomato juice.
Day five.
- Breakfast: baked pumpkin, apple preserves.
- Snack: an apple.
- Lunch: mushroom soup, oatmeal, carrot juice.
- Snack: kefir.
- Dinner: lazy cabbage rolls, milk.
Sixth day.
- Breakfast: cottage cheese, coffee.
- Snack: apple juice and crackers.
- Lunch: soup with chicken pieces and buckwheat, fried hake, compote.
- Snack: vegetable salad.
- Dinner: steamed beef steak, oatmeal, carrot juice.
Seventh day.
- Breakfast: pumpkin porridge, green tea.
- Snack: any allowed fruit.
- Lunch: soup with rice, peppers stuffed with chicken, tomato juice.
- Snack: vegetable salad, cheese sandwich.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge, steamed cabbage, kefir.
It can be six meals. But the most important thing is that the last meal should be no later than three hours before bedtime.
Diet therapy for diabetes is not difficult, but necessary. The list of allowed products is quite large, so the diet will not be monotonous. The most important thing to understand is that a healthy diet is the key to maintaining good health and normal blood sugar levels when you are sick.